Publications by category
Journal articles
Chu L, Lay JC, Tsang VHL, Fung HH (2020). Attitudes Toward Aging: a Glance Back at Research Developments over the Past 75 Years.
The Journals of Gerontology: Series B,
75(6), 1125-1129.
Abstract:
Attitudes Toward Aging: a Glance Back at Research Developments over the Past 75 Years
Abstract
. With global aging, it is crucial to understand how older adults and the process of aging are viewed by members of society. These attitudes can often influence how older adults are treated. Since the Journal of Gerontology was founded, we have gained increasing insights into attitudes toward aging, with several notable research developments, including clearer conceptualization of different types of aging attitudes (e.g. life-domain-specific attitudes and self-perceptions of aging), a wider variety of measurements, better understanding of how different social determinants shape aging attitudes, and more sophisticated investigations of cultural variance and invariance in aging attitudes. In this article, we highlight these major shifts in the field of aging attitudes in the past 75 years, discuss the contributions of these developments, and point to potential future directions.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Pauly T, Graf P, Biesanz JC, Hoppmann CA (2019). By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life.
Journal of Personality,
87(3), 633-647.
Abstract:
By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Objective: Solitude is a ubiquitous experience, often confused with loneliness, yet sometimes sought out in daily life. This study aimed to identify distinct types of solitude experiences from everyday affect/thought patterns and to examine how and for whom solitude is experienced positively versus negatively. Method: One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50–85 years (64% female; 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other/mixed heritage) and 50 students aged 18–28 years (92% female; 42% East Asian, 22% European, 36% other/mixed) each completed approximately 30 daily life assessments over 10 days on their current and desired social situation, thoughts, and affect. Results: Multilevel latent profile analysis identified two types of everyday solitude: one characterized by negative affect and effortful thought (negative solitude experiences) and one characterized by calm and the near absence of negative affect/effortful thought (positive solitude experiences). Individual differences in social self-efficacy and desire for solitude were associated with everyday positive solitude propensity; trait self-rumination and self-reflection were associated with everyday negative solitude propensity. Conclusions: This study provides a new framework for conceptualizing everyday solitude. It identifies specific affect/thought patterns that characterize distinct solitude experience clusters, and it links these clusters with well-established individual differences. We discuss key traits associated with thriving in solitude.
Abstract.
Full text.
Jiang D, Fung HH, Lay JC, Ashe MC, Graf P, Hoppmann CA (2019). Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration.
Aging and Mental Health,
23(9), 1095-1104.
Abstract:
Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor. &. Francis Group. Objectives: Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e. solitude) can have both positive and negative connotations. The present research aimed to examine (1) affective experience in daily solitude; and (2) the association between everyday affect in solitude and well-being. We examined the distinct roles of culture and immigration in moderating these associations. Method: Using up to 35 daily life assessments of momentary affect, solitude, and emotional well-being in two samples (Canada and China), the study compared older adults who aged in place (local Caucasians in Vancouver, Canada and local Hong Kong Chinese in Hong Kong, China) and older adults of different cultural heritages who immigrated to Canada (immigrated Caucasians and immigrated East Asians). Results: We found that older adults of East Asian heritage experienced more positive and less negative affect when alone than did Caucasians. Reporting positive affect in solitude was more positively associated with well-being in older adults who had immigrated to Canada as compared to those who had aged in place. Conclusions:These findings speak to the unique effects of culture and immigration on the affective correlates of solitude and their associations with well-being in old age.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Fung HH, Jiang D, Lau CH, Mahmood A, Graf P, Hoppmann CA (2019). Solitude in context: on the role of culture, immigration, and acculturation in the experience of time to oneself. International Journal of Psychology, 55(4), 562-571.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Kozik P, Graf P, Mahmood A, Hoppmann CA (2019). Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning. in Old Age.
GeroPsych,
32(3), 111-123.
Abstract:
Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning. in Old Age
Abstract. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to benefit aging processes. This study examined portable ICT usage and associated changes in physical activity, loneliness, and cognitive functioning. Ninety-two mostly-novice tablet-users aged 51–85 years participated in technology workshops and then reported on their portable ICT use biweekly for 6+ months. Physical activity, loneliness, and executive functioning were assessed before and after this period. More frequent use of exercise functions was associated with more moderate-intensity physical activity and less sitting, controlling for pretracking levels. More frequent use of social functions was associated with more social loneliness and a tendency toward less emotional loneliness, controlling for pretracking levels of loneliness. The use of exercise and social functions showed no associations with executive functioning. Portable ICT thus may bring both risks and benefits for physical and social functioning in older adulthood.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Pauly T, Graf P, Mahmood A, Hoppmann CA (2018). Choosing Solitude: Age Differences in Situational and Affective Correlates of Solitude-Seeking in Midlife and Older Adulthood.
The Journals of Gerontology: Series B Full text.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Scott SB, Hoppmann CA (2018). Social relationship quality buffers negative affective correlates of everyday solitude in an adult lifespan and an older adult sample. Psychology and Aging, 33(5), 728-738.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Nater UM, Scott SB, Hoppmann CA (2016). How We Experience Being Alone: Age Differences in Affective and Biological Correlates of Momentary Solitude.
Gerontology,
63(1), 55-66.
Abstract:
How We Experience Being Alone: Age Differences in Affective and Biological Correlates of Momentary Solitude
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel. Background: Spending time alone constitutes a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives. As we get older, alone time increases. Less is known, however, about age differences in the experience of spending time alone (momentary solitude). Objectives: We examined time-varying associations between momentary solitude, affect quality, and two hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity markers [salivary cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs)] to better understand the affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude across the adult life span. Method: a total of 185 adults aged 20-81 years (mean age = 49 years, 51% female, 74% Caucasian) completed questionnaires on momentary solitude (alone vs. not alone) and current affect on a handheld device, and provided concurrent saliva samples up to seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel models, controlling for the overall amount of time participants spent alone during the study (overall solitude). Results: Greater overall solitude was associated with decreased average high arousal positive affect and increased average cortisol and DHEAs levels. Momentary solitude was associated with reduced high arousal positive affect, increased low arousal positive affect, and increased low arousal negative affect. Age by momentary solitude interactions indicate that greater age was associated with increased high arousal positive affect and reduced low arousal negative affect during momentary solitude. Furthermore, momentary solitude was associated with increased cortisol and DHEAs. With greater age, the association between momentary solitude and cortisol weakened. Conclusion: Consistent with the negative connotations to loneliness and objective social isolation, greater overall solitude was associated with negative affective and biological correlates. Spending a large overall amount of time alone in old age might thus have negative ramifications for health and well-being. Momentary solitude, in contrast, can be a double-edged sword as evidenced by both positive and negative well-being implications. Importantly, greater age is linked to more favorable affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude. The momentary state of spending time alone is thus an experience that is not necessarily negative and that may improve with aging.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Gerstorf D, Scott SB, Pauly T, Hoppmann CA (2016). Neuroticism and Extraversion Magnify Discrepancies Between Retrospective and Concurrent Affect Reports.
Journal of Personality,
85(6), 817-829.
Full text.
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2015). Altruism and Prosocial Behavior.
, 1-9.
Full text.
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2014). Spousal neuroticism moderates everyday problem-wellbeing associations in older couples.
Health Psychology,
33(8), 803-812.
Full text.
Mitishita E, Habib A, Centeno J, Machado A, Lay J, Wong C (2008). Photogrammetric and lidar data integration using the centroid of a rectangular roof as a control point. The Photogrammetric Record, 23(121), 19-35.
Chapters
Hoppmann CA, Lay JC, Shayanfar S (2014). Intraindividual variability in the context of adults’ health behavior. In (Ed)
Handbook of Intraindividual Variability Across the Life Span, 216-228.
Abstract:
Intraindividual variability in the context of adults’ health behavior
Abstract.
Conferences
Lay JC (2016). ALONE AND LIKING IT? ANTECEDENTS AND CORRELATES OF POSITIVE SOLITUDE EXPERIENCES IN DAILY LIFE.
Author URL.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Scott S, Hoppmann C (2016). SOCIAL TIES AS a SAFETY NET? HOW RELATIONSHIPS INFLUENCE AFFECTIVE EXPERIENCE DURING SOLITUDE.
Author URL.
Mahmood A, Lay JC, Hoppmann C, Petrozzi S (2016). VOLUNTEERING AS PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN OLDER ADULTS: a PHOTOVOICE EXPLORATION OF PARTICIPATION.
Author URL.
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2013). INDIVIDUAL AND SPOUSAL NEUROTICISM IN OLD AGE: LINKS WITH DAILY AFFECT QUALITY AND PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS.
Author URL.
Habib A, Jarvis A, Al-Durgham MM, Lay J, Quackenbush P, Stensaas G, Moe D (2007). Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies.
Abstract:
Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies
Abstract.
Habib A, Lay J, Jarvis A, Griffiths S, Gugolj D (2007). Medium-format digital cameras: a study into their calibration, stability analysis, and integration with high resolution satellite imagery.
Abstract:
Medium-format digital cameras: a study into their calibration, stability analysis, and integration with high resolution satellite imagery
Abstract.
Habib A, Quackenbush P, Lay J, Wong C, Al-Durgham M (2006). Calibration and stability analysis of medium-format digital cameras. SPIE Optics + Photonics.
Publications by year
2020
Chu L, Lay JC, Tsang VHL, Fung HH (2020). Attitudes Toward Aging: a Glance Back at Research Developments over the Past 75 Years.
The Journals of Gerontology: Series B,
75(6), 1125-1129.
Abstract:
Attitudes Toward Aging: a Glance Back at Research Developments over the Past 75 Years
Abstract
. With global aging, it is crucial to understand how older adults and the process of aging are viewed by members of society. These attitudes can often influence how older adults are treated. Since the Journal of Gerontology was founded, we have gained increasing insights into attitudes toward aging, with several notable research developments, including clearer conceptualization of different types of aging attitudes (e.g. life-domain-specific attitudes and self-perceptions of aging), a wider variety of measurements, better understanding of how different social determinants shape aging attitudes, and more sophisticated investigations of cultural variance and invariance in aging attitudes. In this article, we highlight these major shifts in the field of aging attitudes in the past 75 years, discuss the contributions of these developments, and point to potential future directions.
Abstract.
2019
Lay JC, Pauly T, Graf P, Biesanz JC, Hoppmann CA (2019). By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life.
Journal of Personality,
87(3), 633-647.
Abstract:
By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Objective: Solitude is a ubiquitous experience, often confused with loneliness, yet sometimes sought out in daily life. This study aimed to identify distinct types of solitude experiences from everyday affect/thought patterns and to examine how and for whom solitude is experienced positively versus negatively. Method: One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50–85 years (64% female; 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other/mixed heritage) and 50 students aged 18–28 years (92% female; 42% East Asian, 22% European, 36% other/mixed) each completed approximately 30 daily life assessments over 10 days on their current and desired social situation, thoughts, and affect. Results: Multilevel latent profile analysis identified two types of everyday solitude: one characterized by negative affect and effortful thought (negative solitude experiences) and one characterized by calm and the near absence of negative affect/effortful thought (positive solitude experiences). Individual differences in social self-efficacy and desire for solitude were associated with everyday positive solitude propensity; trait self-rumination and self-reflection were associated with everyday negative solitude propensity. Conclusions: This study provides a new framework for conceptualizing everyday solitude. It identifies specific affect/thought patterns that characterize distinct solitude experience clusters, and it links these clusters with well-established individual differences. We discuss key traits associated with thriving in solitude.
Abstract.
Full text.
Jiang D, Fung HH, Lay JC, Ashe MC, Graf P, Hoppmann CA (2019). Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration.
Aging and Mental Health,
23(9), 1095-1104.
Abstract:
Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor. &. Francis Group. Objectives: Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e. solitude) can have both positive and negative connotations. The present research aimed to examine (1) affective experience in daily solitude; and (2) the association between everyday affect in solitude and well-being. We examined the distinct roles of culture and immigration in moderating these associations. Method: Using up to 35 daily life assessments of momentary affect, solitude, and emotional well-being in two samples (Canada and China), the study compared older adults who aged in place (local Caucasians in Vancouver, Canada and local Hong Kong Chinese in Hong Kong, China) and older adults of different cultural heritages who immigrated to Canada (immigrated Caucasians and immigrated East Asians). Results: We found that older adults of East Asian heritage experienced more positive and less negative affect when alone than did Caucasians. Reporting positive affect in solitude was more positively associated with well-being in older adults who had immigrated to Canada as compared to those who had aged in place. Conclusions:These findings speak to the unique effects of culture and immigration on the affective correlates of solitude and their associations with well-being in old age.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Fung HH, Jiang D, Lau CH, Mahmood A, Graf P, Hoppmann CA (2019). Solitude in context: on the role of culture, immigration, and acculturation in the experience of time to oneself. International Journal of Psychology, 55(4), 562-571.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Kozik P, Graf P, Mahmood A, Hoppmann CA (2019). Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning. in Old Age.
GeroPsych,
32(3), 111-123.
Abstract:
Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning. in Old Age
Abstract. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to benefit aging processes. This study examined portable ICT usage and associated changes in physical activity, loneliness, and cognitive functioning. Ninety-two mostly-novice tablet-users aged 51–85 years participated in technology workshops and then reported on their portable ICT use biweekly for 6+ months. Physical activity, loneliness, and executive functioning were assessed before and after this period. More frequent use of exercise functions was associated with more moderate-intensity physical activity and less sitting, controlling for pretracking levels. More frequent use of social functions was associated with more social loneliness and a tendency toward less emotional loneliness, controlling for pretracking levels of loneliness. The use of exercise and social functions showed no associations with executive functioning. Portable ICT thus may bring both risks and benefits for physical and social functioning in older adulthood.
Abstract.
2018
Lay JC, Pauly T, Graf P, Mahmood A, Hoppmann CA (2018). Choosing Solitude: Age Differences in Situational and Affective Correlates of Solitude-Seeking in Midlife and Older Adulthood.
The Journals of Gerontology: Series B Full text.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Scott SB, Hoppmann CA (2018). Social relationship quality buffers negative affective correlates of everyday solitude in an adult lifespan and an older adult sample. Psychology and Aging, 33(5), 728-738.
2016
Lay JC (2016). ALONE AND LIKING IT? ANTECEDENTS AND CORRELATES OF POSITIVE SOLITUDE EXPERIENCES IN DAILY LIFE.
Author URL.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Nater UM, Scott SB, Hoppmann CA (2016). How We Experience Being Alone: Age Differences in Affective and Biological Correlates of Momentary Solitude.
Gerontology,
63(1), 55-66.
Abstract:
How We Experience Being Alone: Age Differences in Affective and Biological Correlates of Momentary Solitude
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel. Background: Spending time alone constitutes a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives. As we get older, alone time increases. Less is known, however, about age differences in the experience of spending time alone (momentary solitude). Objectives: We examined time-varying associations between momentary solitude, affect quality, and two hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity markers [salivary cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs)] to better understand the affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude across the adult life span. Method: a total of 185 adults aged 20-81 years (mean age = 49 years, 51% female, 74% Caucasian) completed questionnaires on momentary solitude (alone vs. not alone) and current affect on a handheld device, and provided concurrent saliva samples up to seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel models, controlling for the overall amount of time participants spent alone during the study (overall solitude). Results: Greater overall solitude was associated with decreased average high arousal positive affect and increased average cortisol and DHEAs levels. Momentary solitude was associated with reduced high arousal positive affect, increased low arousal positive affect, and increased low arousal negative affect. Age by momentary solitude interactions indicate that greater age was associated with increased high arousal positive affect and reduced low arousal negative affect during momentary solitude. Furthermore, momentary solitude was associated with increased cortisol and DHEAs. With greater age, the association between momentary solitude and cortisol weakened. Conclusion: Consistent with the negative connotations to loneliness and objective social isolation, greater overall solitude was associated with negative affective and biological correlates. Spending a large overall amount of time alone in old age might thus have negative ramifications for health and well-being. Momentary solitude, in contrast, can be a double-edged sword as evidenced by both positive and negative well-being implications. Importantly, greater age is linked to more favorable affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude. The momentary state of spending time alone is thus an experience that is not necessarily negative and that may improve with aging.
Abstract.
Lay JC, Gerstorf D, Scott SB, Pauly T, Hoppmann CA (2016). Neuroticism and Extraversion Magnify Discrepancies Between Retrospective and Concurrent Affect Reports.
Journal of Personality,
85(6), 817-829.
Full text.
Pauly T, Lay JC, Scott S, Hoppmann C (2016). SOCIAL TIES AS a SAFETY NET? HOW RELATIONSHIPS INFLUENCE AFFECTIVE EXPERIENCE DURING SOLITUDE.
Author URL.
Mahmood A, Lay JC, Hoppmann C, Petrozzi S (2016). VOLUNTEERING AS PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN OLDER ADULTS: a PHOTOVOICE EXPLORATION OF PARTICIPATION.
Author URL.
2015
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2015). Altruism and Prosocial Behavior.
, 1-9.
Full text.
2014
Hoppmann CA, Lay JC, Shayanfar S (2014). Intraindividual variability in the context of adults’ health behavior. In (Ed)
Handbook of Intraindividual Variability Across the Life Span, 216-228.
Abstract:
Intraindividual variability in the context of adults’ health behavior
Abstract.
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2014). Spousal neuroticism moderates everyday problem-wellbeing associations in older couples.
Health Psychology,
33(8), 803-812.
Full text.
2013
Lay JC, Hoppmann CA (2013). INDIVIDUAL AND SPOUSAL NEUROTICISM IN OLD AGE: LINKS WITH DAILY AFFECT QUALITY AND PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS.
Author URL.
2008
Mitishita E, Habib A, Centeno J, Machado A, Lay J, Wong C (2008). Photogrammetric and lidar data integration using the centroid of a rectangular roof as a control point. The Photogrammetric Record, 23(121), 19-35.
2007
Habib A, Jarvis A, Al-Durgham MM, Lay J, Quackenbush P, Stensaas G, Moe D (2007). Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies.
Abstract:
Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies
Abstract.
Habib A, Lay J, Jarvis A, Griffiths S, Gugolj D (2007). Medium-format digital cameras: a study into their calibration, stability analysis, and integration with high resolution satellite imagery.
Abstract:
Medium-format digital cameras: a study into their calibration, stability analysis, and integration with high resolution satellite imagery
Abstract.
2006
Habib A, Quackenbush P, Lay J, Wong C, Al-Durgham M (2006). Calibration and stability analysis of medium-format digital cameras. SPIE Optics + Photonics.